? ? ? SSI不僅會對患者的身體健康產生很大的影響，也會額外增加醫院的醫療費用支出。以下為美國醫院發生的SSI在這兩方面所產生的影響。

在腹部手術當中，每20例患者中就有3例SSI高發生率的風險。

? ? ?研究表明，在腹部手術當中，每20例患者中就有3例SSI高發生率的風險[1-3]。

de Lissovoy G[4]等人對患者的住院天數進行調查分析，結果發現SSI患者平均住院天數為15天，無SSI患者平均住院天數僅為8天。SSI患者再次入院率為27.8%，無SSI患者再次入院率僅為6.8%[5]。SSI患者ICU入住率為29%，無SSI患者ICU入住率僅為18%，相較于無SSI患者，SSI患者死亡風險增加了2倍[6]。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

每年因SSI的花費為100億美元 ? ? ? ??每例SSI患者額外費用19000美元 ? ? ? ? ??每個醫院每年支付500萬美元的罰款 ? ? ? ? ? ? ??醫院負面影響

?

? ? ? 美國疾病預防控制中心報道，每年因為SSI支出的醫療費用100億美元[7]；根據2009年和2011年的數據分析，每例SSI患者因SSI額外的醫療費用支出為19000美元[5,8]；每個醫院由于SSI每年需要支付500萬美元的罰款[9]。不僅僅是這些額外醫療費用的支出，SSI還會給醫院帶來較大的負面影響。

參考文獻：? ? ?

1?Watanabe A, Kohnoe S, Shimabukuro R, et al. Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in upper and lower gastrointestinal surgery.?Surg Today.?2008;38(5):404-412.

2?Wick EC, Vogel JD, Church JM, Remzi F, Fazio VW. Surgical site infections in a "high outlier" institution: are colorectal surgeons to blame??Dis Colon Rectum.?2009;52(3):374-379.

3?Sutton E, Miyagaki H, Bellini G, et al. Risk factors for superficial surgical site infection after elective rectal cancer resection: a multivariate analysis of 8880 patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.?J Surg Res.?2017;207:205-214.

4?de Lissovoy G, Fraeman K, Hutchins V, Murphy D, Song D, Vaughn BB. Surgical site infection: incidence and impact on hospital utilization and treatment costs.?Am J Infect Control.?2009;37(5):387-397.

5?Wick EC, Hirose K, Shore AD, et al. Surgical site infections and cost in obese patients undergoing colorectal surgery.?Arch Surg.?2011;146(9):1068-1072.

6?Kirkland KB, Briggs JP, Trivette SL, Wilkinson WE, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs.?Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.?1999;20(11):725-730.

7?Scott RD. The Direct Medical Costs of Healthcare-Associated Infection in US Hospitals and the Benefits of Prevention.?Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; March 2009.

8?Tanner J, Khan D, Aplin C, Ball J, Thomas M, Bankart J. Post-discharge surveillance to identify colorectal surgical site infection rates and related costs. J Hosp Infect. 2009;72(3):243-250.

9?Rau J. Latest Hospital Injury Penalties Include Crackdown On Antibiotic-Resistant Germs. 2016; https://khn.org/news/latest-hospital-injury-penalties-include-crackdown-on-antibiotic-resistant-germs/._Accessed January 29, 2018.